![]() ![]() Sexual violence against men, queer, and transgender people takes place more regularly than is reported (Menon 2013), and the ISIS narrative is testament to this. ![]() ![]() Even as pathbreaking decisions by the ICTR and ICTY opened up avenues to include rape and sexual assault within the scope of war crimes and crimes against humanity, these forums also recognized sexual violence against men as torture (Moore and Barner 2017), thus creating a reality where violence against women is seen as “sexual” and where violence against men and people of other gender identities is seen in non-sexual terms (Petchesky 2005). References to sexual orientation are not included in legal texts addressing human rights and humanitarian law (Haley-Nelson 2005). Extant transitional justice mechanisms implement and may have pushed for legal protections for women on the basis of gender, but not for women/girls who are targeted because of their sexual orientation” (Moore and Barner 2017: 34). ![]()
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